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Close to 200 riots had occurred in Venezuelan prisons by October 2016, according to Una Ventana a la Libertad, an advocacy group for better prison conditions. It exhibits a varied relief, shaped by different rocks, orogenic events and erosion over millions of years. One of 17 megadiverse countries,[159] Venezuela's habitats range from the Andes Mountains in the west to the Amazon Basin rainforest in the south, via extensive llanos plains and Caribbean coast in the center and the Orinoco River Delta in the east. “No hemos tenido ataque a ningún puesto policial ni militar”, dijo . [270][271][272] The shortages included, and still include, necessities such as toilet paper, milk, and flour. During the period, 724 enforced disappearances of political detainees were reported. Number of kidnappings in Venezuela 1989–2011, Annual variation of real GDP according to the Central Bank of Venezuela (2016 preliminary), Cases of malaria in Venezuela according to the Ministry of Popular Power for Health, Deaths of children under one year in Venezuela according to the Ministry of Popular Power for Health. [161] Important birds include ibises, ospreys, kingfishers,[160] and the yellow-orange Venezuelan troupial, the national bird. Beginning in 2014 the price of oil plummeted from over $100/bbl to $40/bbl a year and a half later. Venezuela is among the most urbanized countries in Latin America;[14][15] the vast majority of Venezuelans live in the cities of the north and in the capital. [326], According to the World Refugee Survey 2008, published by the U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, Venezuela hosted a population of refugee and asylum seekers from Colombia numbering 252,200 in 2007, and 10,600 new asylum seekers entered Venezuela in 2007. [318], According to an autosomal DNA genetic study conducted in 2008 by the University of Brasília (UNB), the composition of Venezuela's population is 60.60% of European contribution, 23% of indigenous contribution, and 16.30% of African contribution. In 1960, with a newly installed democratic government, Hydrocarbons Minister Juan Pablo Pérez Alfonso led the creation of OPEC, the consortium of oil-producing countries aiming to support the price of oil.[308]. [128][129] Since 2015 nearly 2 million people have fled Venezuela.[130]. The core of granite and Cordillera is, to a large extent, flanked by sedimentary layers from the Cretaceous, folded in an anticline structure. [230] By 2015, it had risen to 90 per 100,000. The Venezuelan natural landscape is the product of the interaction of tectonic plates that since the Paleozoic have contributed to its No. Venezuela is entirely located in the tropics over the Equator to around 12° N. Its climate varies from humid low-elevation plains, where average annual temperatures range as high as 35 °C (95.0 °F), to glaciers and highlands (the páramos) with an average yearly temperature of 8 °C (46.4 °F). El fútbol fue el primer deporte que tuvo una evolución considerable en el país. The largest basin in this area is the extensive Orinoco basin[178] whose surface area, close to one million km2, is greater than that of the whole of Venezuela, although it has a presence of 65% in the country. [187], The legal system of Venezuela belongs to the Continental Law tradition. Ignorance of the factors associated with relief has been one of the most important causes of natural disasters. [117], In early 2013, Venezuela devalued its currency due to growing shortages in the country. Major writers and novelists include Rómulo Gallegos, Teresa de la Parra, Arturo Uslar Pietri, Adriano González León, Miguel Otero Silva, and Mariano Picón Salas. Former Miss Venezuela 2004 winner Mónica Spear and her ex-husband were murdered and their 5-year-old daughter was shot while vacationing in Venezuela, and an elderly German tourist was murdered only a few weeks later. Culturally, English is common in southern towns like El Callao, and the native English-speaking influence is evident in folk and calypso songs from the region. In Venezuela, a person is murdered every 21 minutes. Annual rainfall varies from 430 mm (16.9 in) in the semiarid portions of the northwest to over 1,000 mm (39.4 in) in the Orinoco Delta of the far east and the Amazonian Jungle in the south. There are Buddhist centers in Caracas, Maracay, Mérida, Puerto Ordáz, San Felipe, and Valencia. Venezuela remained part of Gran Colombia until 1830, when a rebellion led by Páez allowed the proclamation of a newly independent Venezuela; Páez became the first president of the new State of Venezuela. [231] The country's body count of the previous decade mimics that of the Iraq War and in some instances had more civilian deaths even though the country is at peacetime. Globally, it seeks a "multi-polar" world based on strengthened ties among undeveloped countries. [57] Britain ultimately accepted arbitration, but in negotiations over its terms was able to persuade the U.S. on many of the details. La Prensa te brinda Noticias digitales de Perú. [356] Child malnutrition (defined as stunting or wasting in children under the age of five) was 17%. [332] There are three uncontacted tribes living in Venezuela. Another characteristic of the climate is this variation throughout the country by the existence of a mountain range called "Cordillera de la Costa" which crosses the country from east to west. In the north are the Venezuelan Andes and the Coro region, a mountainous tract in the northwest, holds several sierras and valleys. [217] Venezuelan Foreign Minister Delcy Rodríguez said that President Nicolás Maduro plans to publicly renounce Venezuela's membership on 27 April 2017. [190], President Maduro acknowledged PSUV defeat, but attributed the opposition's victory to an intensification of an economic war. Tras visitar la población de El Callao, en Bolívar, para trabajar en las minas de oro, los antiguos esclavos del siglo XIX fueron quienes lo trajeron a la zona. [74], In the 1980s, the Presidential Commission for State Reform (COPRE) emerged as a mechanism of political innovation. The report stated that the Venezuelan government strategically used enforced disappearances to silence political opponents and other critical voices it deemed a threat.[149][150]. The components of the Bolivarian National Armed Forces are: the Venezuelan Army, the Venezuelan Navy, the Venezuelan Air Force, the Venezuelan National Guard, and the Venezuelan National Militia. [356], Venezuela had a total of 150 sewage treatment plants; however, 13% of the population lacked access to drinking water, but this number had been dropping. [34] The Spanish version of Veneziola is Venezuela. The highest temperature recorded was 42 °C (108 °F) in Machiques,[157] and the lowest temperature recorded was −11 °C (12 °F), it has been reported from an uninhabited high altitude at Páramo de Piedras Blancas (Mérida state),[158] even though no official reports exist, lower temperatures in the mountains of the Sierra Nevada de Mérida are known. The territory of Venezuela was colonized by Spain in 1522 amid resistance from indigenous peoples. Venezuela manufactures and exports heavy industry products such as steel, aluminium and cement, with production concentrated around Ciudad Guayana, near the Guri Dam, one of the largest in the world and the provider of about three-quarters of Venezuela's electricity. It will take two years for the country to formally leave. Venezuela was preparing for the decentralization of its political system and the diversification of its economy, reducing the large size of the State. The Rio or Brazo Casiquiare is unique in the world, as it is a natural derivation of the Orinoco that, after some 500 km in length, connects it to the Negro River, which in turn is a tributary of the Amazon. [388] Venezuela hosted the 2012 Basketball World Olympic Qualifying Tournament and the 2013 FIBA Basketball Americas Championship, which took place in the Poliedro de Caracas. English is the most widely used foreign language in demand and is spoken by many professionals, academics, and members of the upper and middle classes as a result of the oil exploration done by foreign companies, in addition to its acceptance as a lingua franca. [63] The military dictator Pérez Jiménez was forced out on 23 January 1958. "The Millennium Development Goals Report 2011". Unfortunately, the social reality of the country made the changes difficult to apply.[74]. With exotic crystalline beaches, Morrocoy is a national park, formed by small keys very close to the mainland, which have grown rapidly as one of the greatest tourist attractions in the Venezuelan Caribbean.[282]. [212][213][214] Correspondingly, ties to various Latin American and Middle Eastern countries not allied to the U.S. have strengthened. Although most residents are monolingual Spanish speakers, many languages are spoken in Venezuela. El reporte detalló que los integrantes de la banda de El Toto abordaron el vehículo en el que se trasladaban Torrellas y su escolta, Herney Alirio Ruiz, un funcionario de la Policía del Estado Bolívar. Leaf-shaped tools from this period, together with chopping and plano-convex scraping implements, have been found exposed on the high riverine terraces of the Rio Pedregal in western Venezuela. [179] Of the total extension of the rivers, a total of 5400 km are navigable. [173][174] Many terrestrial ecosystems are considered endangered, specially the dry forest in the northern regions of the country and the coral reefs in the Caribbean coast. In the first half of the 20th century, U.S. oil companies were heavily involved in Venezuela, initially interested only in purchasing concessions. The Venezuelan part of the Guyanas Altiplano consists of a large granite block of gneiss and other crystalline Archean rocks, with underlying layers of sandstone and shale clay. Almost 3% of the population follow another religion (1% of these people practice Santería).[2]. The temperate zone ranges between 800 and 2,000 m (2,625 and 6,562 ft) with averages from 12 to 25 °C (53.6 to 77.0 °F); many of Venezuela's cities, including the capital, lie in this region. Acculturation and assimilation, typical of a cultural syncretism, led to the Venezuelan culture of the present day, which is similar in many ways to the culture of the rest of Latin America, but still has its own unique characteristics. The precipitation level is lower in the period from August through April. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}7°N 65°W / 7°N 65°W / 7; -65. The Druze community are estimated around 60,000 and concentrated among persons of Lebanese and Syrian descent (a former vice president is Druze, showing the small group's influence). It is an island with a modern infrastructure, bordered by beautiful beaches suitable for extreme sports, and features castles, fortresses and churches of great cultural value. [89] The presidential election that took place on Sunday, 14 April 2013, was the first since Chávez took office in 1999 in which his name did not appear on the ballot. [51] On 24 July 1823, José Prudencio Padilla and Rafael Urdaneta helped seal Venezuelan independence with their victory in the Battle of Lake Maracaibo. [64], During the years of Pérez Jiménez's administration, the State intervened in areas of the economy that were traditionally carried out by private companies. Venezuela is among the most urbanized countries in Latin America;[14][15] the vast majority of Venezuelans live in the cities of the north, especially in the capital Caracas, which is also the largest city. The 1980s oil glut led to an external debt crisis and a long-running economic crisis, which saw inflation peak at 100% in 1996 and poverty rates rise to 66% in 1995[264] as (by 1998) per capita GDP fell to the same level as 1963, down a third from its 1978 peak. ", This page was last edited on 11 April 2021, at 04:17. The basin of the lake and the plains of the Gulf of Venezuela make up two plains: the northern one, drier, and the southern one, humid and with swamps.[181]. This let him later get the presidency continuously from 1999 until his death in 2013, winning the elections of 1998, 2000, 2006 and 2012 and the presidential referendum of 2004, with the only exception in 2002 of Pedro Carmona Estanga as a two-day de facto government and Diosdado Cabello Rondón as a few-hours interim president. EEUU denuncia incremento de violaciones a DDHH en Venezuela, En el país hay 19 presas políticas y 84% ha sido víctima de torturas y tratos crueles, Gobernador de Bolívar anuncia «cierre total» del estado para luchar contra la covid-19, Organización Clima 21 denuncia aparición de un brote sarampión en Bolívar, Colegio de Enfermeras de Bolívar denuncia que niegan vacuna a trabajadores sanitarios, Instalan laboratorio en Bolívar que permitirá hacer más de 300 pruebas de covid-19, 97% de los venezolanos no cuenta con una póliza de seguro para afrontar la covid-19, Bombardeo reptiloide, por Gregorio Salazar, Caudillos, gracias y desgracias, por Américo Martín, La mentira de las verdades, por Fernando Mires, Denuncian torturas contra el teniente Franklin Caldera en centro clandestino de la Dgcim, Autoridad Única de Salud de Bolívar: El carnaval nos mató, Foro Penal confirmó liberación del médico Leonard Hinojosa por la Dgcim, Tres años de abandono dejaron en ruinas el Pediátrico Menca de Leoni en Bolívar, Gobierno reporta récord de fallecido por covid-19 y 1.325 nuevos contagios, Colombia y Misión Internacional evalúan situación de desplazados por conflicto en Apure, Bonos que entregó Maduro este #10Abr apenas alcanzan para un kilo de carne y uno de queso, Elecciones en Suramérica probarán la democracia y mostrarán efectos de la pandemia, Nueva alianza opositora: Anuncios sin estrategia, poco claros y por debajo de la mesa. It is estimated that the majority of the population is of mestizo, or mixed, ethnic ancestry. [78][79], Chávez also remained in power after an all-out national strike that lasted from December 2002 to February 2003, including a strike/lockout in the state oil company PDVSA. [39] Two main north–south axes of pre-Columbian population were present, who cultivated maize in the west and manioc in the east. "The perception of petroleum as the cause of Venezuela's corruption had become widespread during this period. Venezuela seeks alternative hemispheric integration via such proposals as the Bolivarian Alternative for the Americas trade proposal and the newly launched Latin American television network teleSUR. Notable mammals include the giant anteater, jaguar, and the capybara, the world's largest rodent. [50], The end of the French invasion of homeland Spain in 1814 allowed the preparation of a large expeditionary force to the American provinces under general Pablo Morillo, with the goal to regain the lost territory in Venezuela and New Granada. El motivo del ataque es porque dicha banda no logró cobrar los 15kg de oro que le exigía al exdiputado de la ANC (Psuv) Wuilhem Torrellas a quién el Toto acusó de ser informante del DGCIM. It is ranked 151 out of 156 countries in the index of Geopolitical Gains and Losses after energy transition (GeGaLo).[219]. Las áreas de explotación más importantes están localizadas en el Callao, Kilómetro 88, Gran Sabana, etc. [47], After a series of unsuccessful uprisings, Venezuela, under the leadership of Francisco de Miranda, a Venezuelan marshal who had fought in the American Revolution and the French Revolution, declared independence as the First Republic of Venezuela on 5 July 1811. [369][370] Nationwide, about 93% of schools do not meet the minimum requirements to operate and 77% do not have utilities such as food, water or electricity.[370]. [191] In the following months, Maduro fulfilled his promise of preventing the democratically and constitutionally elected National Assembly from legislating. On the formed structures, seven physical-natural units have been modeled, differentiated in their relief and in their natural resources. After a long period of accelerated economic expansion that lasts for six decades (value of the stock of homes by families), an extreme higher value is reached towards 1982. In 2014, a series of protest and demonstrations began in Venezuela, attributed[by whom?] Venezuela is among the top 20 countries in terms of endemism. [147] In March 2020, the Trump administration indicted Maduro and several Venezuelan officials on charges of drug trafficking. The Pérez Jiménez government was characterized by its state capitalism and not by liberal capitalism. [329] The Venezuelan government, however, were actively recruiting immigrants from Eastern Europe to fill a need for engineers. It has a total area of 916,445 km2 (353,841 sq mi) and a land area of 882,050 km2 (340,560 sq mi), making Venezuela the 33rd largest country in the world. [250] By 2016, the rank had increased to 166 out of 178. [85][92][93], Nicolás Maduro has been the president of Venezuela since 14 April 2013, when he won the second presidential election after Chávez's death, with 50.61% of the votes against the opposition's candidate Henrique Capriles Radonski, who had 49.12% of the votes. The voting age in Venezuela is 18 and older. Relations between Venezuela and the United States government worsened in 2002, after the 2002 Venezuelan coup d'état attempt during which the U.S. government recognized the short-lived interim presidency of Pedro Carmona. [46], Spain's eastern Venezuelan settlements were incorporated into New Andalusia Province. 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