loch ness monster information

LochNess .com. The earliest report of a monster in the vicinity of Loch Ness appears in the Life of St. Columba by Adomnán, written in the sixth century AD. [24], In October 1871 (or 1872), D. Mackenzie of Balnain reportedly saw an object resembling a log or an upturned boat "wriggling and churning up the water". After examining a sonar return indicating a large, moving object at a depth of 180 metres (590 ft) near Urquhart Bay, Lowrance said: "There's something here that we don't understand, and there's something here that's larger than a fish, maybe some species that hasn't been detected before. [7] Alex Campbell's 1933 article also stated that "Loch Ness has for generations been credited with being the home of a fearsome-looking monster". The scientific community regards the Loch Ness Monster as a phenomenon without biological basis, explaining sightings as hoaxes, wishful thinking, and the misidentification of mundane objects. The Loch Ness area attracted numerous monster hunters. A seiche is a large oscillation of a lake, caused by water reverting to its natural level after being blown to one end of the lake (resulting in a standing wave); the Loch Ness oscillation period is 31.5 minutes. Binns does not call the sightings a hoax, but "a myth in the true sense of the term" and states that the "'monster is a sociological ... phenomenon. Supervisor James Fraser remained by the loch filming on 15 September 1934; the film is now lost. [15] They described the creature as having a large body (about 4 feet (1.2 m) high and 25 feet (8 m) long) and a long, wavy, narrow neck, slightly thicker than an elephant's trunk and as long as the 10–12-foot (3–4 m) width of the road. When they heard a water bailiff approaching, Duke Wetherell sank the model with his foot and it is "presumably still somewhere in Loch Ness". Nessie is the affectionate nickname of Loch Ness. ...After 1983 the search ... (for the) possibility that there just might be continues to enthrall a small number for whom eye-witness evidence outweighs all other considerations". [39], Since 1994, most agree that the photo was an elaborate hoax. He undertook a final expedition, using sonar and an underwater camera in an attempt to find a carcass. [135], The kelpie as a water horse in Loch Ness was mentioned in an 1879 Scottish newspaper,[136] and inspired Tim Dinsdale's Project Water Horse. In a 1982 series of articles for New Scientist, Maurice Burton proposed that sightings of Nessie and similar creatures may be fermenting Scots pine logs rising to the surface of the loch. According to team member Charles Wyckoff, the photos were retouched to superimpose the flipper; the original enhancement showed a considerably less-distinct object. Ancient Origins - Could Nessie the Loch Ness Monster be a giant, 15-foot Eel? The "surgeon's photograph" is reportedly the first photo of the creature's head and neck. The creature was placed in a van to be carried away for testing, but police seized the cadaver under an act of parliament prohibiting the removal of "unidentified creatures" from Loch Ness. [35] Regarding the long size of the creature reported by Grant; it has been suggested that this was a faulty observation due to the poor light conditions. If creatures similar to plesiosaurs lived in Loch Ness they would be seen frequently, since they would have to surface several times a day to breathe. It is often described as large, long-necked, and with one or more humps protruding from the water. In the early 21st century it was thought that it contributed nearly $80 million annually to Scotland’s economy. At the head of the loch is the monastery at Fort Augustus. He said the body "was fairly big, with a high back, but "if there were any feet they must have been of the web kind, and as for a tail I cannot say, as it moved so rapidly, and when we got to the spot it had probably disappeared into the loch". In April 2012, a scientist from the National Oceanography Centre said that the image is a bloom of algae and zooplankton. Preparation. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Fakes exposed. [119] According to biologist Bruce Wright, the Greenland shark could survive in fresh water (possibly using rivers and lakes to find food) and Loch Ness has an abundance of salmon and other fish. [122][123][124], It is difficult to judge the size of an object in water through a telescope or binoculars with no external reference. [27][34], Grant produced a sketch of the creature that was examined by zoologist Maurice Burton, who stated it was consistent with the appearance and behaviour of an otter. The iconic image—known as the “surgeon’s photograph”—appeared to show the monster’s small head and neck. Analysis of the original image fostered further doubt. If you want Nessie's real story - this is the only place you will find it. [59][60], On 26 May 2007, 55-year-old laboratory technician Gordon Holmes videotaped what he said was "this jet black thing, about 14 metres (46 ft) long, moving fairly fast in the water. [20] According to Adomnán, writing about a century after the events described, Irish monk Saint Columba was staying in the land of the Picts with his companions when he encountered local residents burying a man by the River Ness. [58], On 21 May 1977 Anthony "Doc" Shiels, camping next to Urquhart Castle, took "some of the clearest pictures of the monster until this day". The first written account appears in a biography of St. Columba from 565 ad. Twenty men with binoculars and cameras positioned themselves around the loch from 9 am to 6 pm for five weeks, beginning on 13 July 1934. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. ", "New photo of Loch Ness Monster sparks debate", "Finally, is this proof the Loch Ness monster exists? [153], "Nessie" redirects here. The Loch Ness Monster, also referred to as Nessie, is a supposed animal, said to live in the Scottish loch of Loch Ness, the second biggest loch in the country. Watch this story, one of our 'British tales' videos about characters and people from British history, to find out! LiveScience - Loch Ness Monster: Facts About Nessie, Visit Inverness Loch Ness - Loch Ness Monster Myths and Legends, Loch Ness monster - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Specialists from Raytheon, Simrad (now Kongsberg Maritime), Hydroacoustics, Marty Klein of MIT and Klein Associates (a side-scan sonar producer) and Ira Dyer of MIT's Department of Ocean Engineering were on hand to examine the data. Those who claim to have seen it describe it as a large humped creature with a long neck and flippers. At the loch's far north, the image appeared about 30 metres (98 ft) long. At the time, a road adjacent to Loch Ness was finished, offering an unobstructed view of the lake. [48], On 15 August 1938, William Fraser, chief constable of Inverness-shire, wrote a letter that the monster existed beyond doubt and expressed concern about a hunting party that had arrived (with a custom-made harpoon gun) determined to catch the monster "dead or alive". reference to a large dragon or dinosaur-like creature that can be spotted in the waters of the Loch Ness and sometimes in the surrounding land areas as well [58], A large eel was an early suggestion for what the "monster" was. The Beast!" P. Skitzki of Raytheon suggested that the data indicated a 3-metre (10 ft) protuberance projecting from one of the echoes. [25] According to Morrison, when the plates were developed Wilson was uninterested in the second photo; he allowed Morrison to keep the negative, and the photo was rediscovered years later. The corpse, 4.9–5.4 m (16–18 ft) long and weighing as much as 1.5 tonnes, was described by the Press Association as having "a bear's head and a brown scaly body with clawlike fins." R. Mackal (1976) "The Monsters of Loch Ness" page 85. [41] Details of how the photo was taken were published in the 1999 book, Nessie – the Surgeon's Photograph Exposed, which contains a facsimile of the 1975 Sunday Telegraph article. They explained that the man was swimming in the river when he was attacked by a "water beast" that mauled him and dragged him underwater. [10][11][12], The Courier in 2017 published excerpts from the Campbell article, which had been titled "Strange Spectacle in Loch Ness". This photograph has rarely been published. [104], Sonar expert Darrell Lowrance, founder of Lowrance Electronics, donated a number of echosounder units used in the operation. According to Elder, the wave was produced by a 4.5 m (15 ft) "solid black object" just under the surface of the water. In the 1930s, the existing road by the side of the loch was given a serious upgrade. [citation needed] On 2 July 2003, Gerald McSorely discovered a fossil, supposedly from the creature, when he tripped and fell into the loch. "[105], In 2003, the BBC sponsored a search of the loch using 600 sonar beams and satellite tracking. The incident was reported in a Scottish newspaper, and numerous sightings followed. 'Nessie' hunters claim mysterious creature 'the size of a large seal' is latest official sighting of the Loch Ness Monster. [56], In 1993 Discovery Communications produced a documentary, Loch Ness Discovered, with a digital enhancement of the Dinsdale film. A number of hoax attempts have been made, some of which were successful. Bartender David Munro reported a wake he believed was a creature zigzagging, diving, and reappearing; there were reportedly 26 other witnesses from a nearby car park. After examination, it was clear that the fossil had been planted. In 1933 the Loch Ness monster’s legend began to grow. [89] His gesture, part of a larger effort led by the LNPIB from 1967 to 1968, involved collaboration between volunteers and professionals in a number of fields. Most scientists believe that the Loch Ness Monster is not real, and they say that many of the seeings are either hoaxes or pictures of other mistaken existing animals. The tree at the bottom left in Whyte's was missing from the negative. Loch Ness Information Website. Although this theory was considered by Mackal, he found it less convincing than eels, amphibians or plesiosaurs. Nessie, is reputedly a large unknown animal that is said to inhabit Loch Ness in the Scottish Highlands. [31] Others have suggested that the photograph depicts an otter or a swan. The original negative was lost. Along the lake’s shores, he found large footprints that he believed belonged to “a very powerful soft-footed animal about 20 feet [6 metres] long.” However, upon closer inspection, zoologists at the Natural History Museum determined that the tracks were identical and made with an umbrella stand or ashtray that had a hippopotamus leg as a base; Wetherell’s role in the hoax was unclear. They publicised the find, setting up a website, but expert analysis soon revealed that the "tooth" was the antler of a muntjac. This account was not published until 1934, however. Game. [93] During a meeting with Tony Harmsworth and Adrian Shine at the Loch Ness Centre & Exhibition, Rines admitted that the flipper photo may have been retouched by a magazine editor. [94], In 2001, Rines' Academy of Applied Science videotaped a V-shaped wake traversing still water on a calm day. Many reports consist only of a large disturbance on the surface of the water; this could be a release of gas through the fault, although it may be mistaken for something swimming below the surface. Loch Ness, in the Highlands of Scotland. Rines took precautions to avoid murky water with floating wood and peat. "[65], Other researchers have questioned the photograph's authenticity,[66] and Loch Ness researcher Steve Feltham suggested that the object in the water is a fibreglass hump used in a National Geographic Channel documentary in which Edwards had participated. Wilson's refusal to have his name associated with it led to it being known as the "surgeon's photograph". [10] Christopher Cairney uses a specific historical and cultural analysis of Adomnán to separate Adomnán's story about St. Columba from the modern myth of the Loch Ness Monster, but finds an earlier and culturally significant use of Celtic "water beast" folklore along the way. Shine was also interviewed, and suggested that the footage was an otter, seal or water bird. [13], "The creature disported itself, rolling and plunging for fully a minute, its body resembling that of a whale, and the water cascading and churning like a simmering cauldron. The Loch Ness Phenomena Investigation Bureau (LNPIB) was a UK-based society formed in 1962 by Norman Collins, R. S. R. Fitter, politician David James, Peter Scott and Constance Whyte[84] "to study Loch Ness to identify the creature known as the Loch Ness Monster or determine the causes of reports of it". If you want Nessie's real story - this is the only place you will find it. In 1979 W. H. Lehn showed that atmospheric refraction could distort the shape and size of objects and animals,[132] and later published a photograph of a mirage of a rock on Lake Winnipeg that resembled a head and neck. [28] Macdonald reported his sighting to Loch Ness water bailiff Alex Campbell, and described the creature as looking like a salamander. Before then, it was frozen for about 20,000 years. Most scientists believe that the Loch Ness Monster is not real, and they say that many of the seeings are either hoaxes or pictures of other mistaken existing animals. Do not touch the man. [110], Wakes have been reported when the loch is calm, with no boats nearby. The article by Alex Campbell, water bailiff for Loch Ness and a part-time journalist,[9] discussed a sighting by Aldie Mackay of an enormous creature with the body of a whale rolling in the water in the loch while she and her husband John were driving on the A82 on 15 April 1933. In 1933 it was suggested that the creature "bears a striking resemblance to the supposedly extinct plesiosaur",[144] a long-necked aquatic reptile that became extinct during the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. [120][121], In July 2015 three news outlets reported that Steve Feltham, after a vigil at the loch that was recognized by the Guinness Book of Records, theorised that the monster is an unusually large specimen of Wels catfish (Silurus glanis), which may have been released during the late 19th century. ", "Why the Loch Ness Monster is no plesiosaur", "Legend of Nessie - Ultimate and Official Loch Ness Monster Site - About Loch Ness", "Loch Ness: Fiction Is Stranger Than Truth", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Loch_Ness_Monster&oldid=991065770, Tourist attractions in Highland (council area), CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Scottish Gaelic-language text, Articles lacking reliable references from April 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Many scientists now believe that giant eels account for many, if not most of the sightings. Adrian Shine speculated, based on size, that they might be seals that had entered the loch. Other hoaxes were revealed rather quickly by the perpetrators or exposed after diligent research. One was probably a shoal of fish, but others moved in a way not typical of shoals at speeds up to 10 knots.[90]. [66], On 27 August 2013, tourist David Elder presented a five-minute video of a "mysterious wave" in the loch. Its crew noted a large object keeping pace with the vessel at a depth of 146 metres (479 ft). [25][26] Mackenzie sent his story in a letter to Rupert Gould in 1934, shortly after popular interest in the monster increased. For other uses, see, The "surgeon's photograph" of 1934, now known to have been a hoax, Loch Ness Phenomena Investigation Bureau (1962–1972), Robert Rines studies (1972, 1975, 2001, 2008), Misidentifications of inanimate objects or effects, Derived from "Loch Ness". [6][7] Research indicates that several newspapers did publish items about a creature in the loch well before 1934. A popular explanation at the time, the following arguments have been made against it: In response to these criticisms, Tim Dinsdale, Peter Scott and Roy Mackal postulate a trapped marine creature that evolved from a plesiosaur directly or by convergent evolution. The 30-foot long model of the creatre was found on the loch bed in 2016 during a sonar search by Kongsberg Maritime. Story by LearnEnglish Kids. [33] According to Grant, it had a small head attached to a long neck; the creature saw him, and crossed the road back to the loch. [86][87] According to the bureau's 1969 annual report[88] it had 1,030 members, of whom 588 were from the UK. From 1965 to 1972 it had a caravan camp and viewing platform at Achnahannet, and sent observers to other locations up and down the loch. [133], Italian geologist Luigi Piccardi has proposed geological explanations for ancient legends and myths. It is suspected that the photograph was doctored by re-photographing a print. the Daily Mirror 4 August 1932 reports the wedding of "Miss Nessie Clark, a Banffshire schoolteacher". The letter was released by the National Archives of Scotland on 27 April 2010.[49][50]. In doing so he also discredits any strong connection between kelpies or water-horses and the modern "media-augmented" creation of the Loch Ness Monster. [94], British naturalist Peter Scott announced in 1975, on the basis of the photographs, that the creature's scientific name would be Nessiteras rhombopteryx (Greek for "Ness inhabitant with diamond-shaped fin"). [100], In 2008, Rines theorised that the creature may have become extinct, citing the lack of significant sonar readings and a decline in eyewitness accounts. Truth revealed. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Peter MacNab at Urquhart Castle on 29 July 1955 took a photograph that depicted two long black humps in the water. [149] Robert Rines explained that the "horns" in some sightings function as breathing tubes (or nostrils), allowing it to breathe without breaking the surface. A person who enhanced the film noticed a shadow in the negative that was not obvious in the developed film. Searching for the Loch Ness Monster aired on BBC One. [51] Previous sonar attempts were inconclusive or negative. According to BBC News the scientists had made sonar contact with an unidentified object of unusual size and strength. Soon, however, it disappeared in a boiling mass of foam. [111] Dinsdale dismissed the hypothesis because eels undulate side to side like snakes. [26], Little is known of the second photo; it is often ignored by researchers, who believe its quality too poor and its differences from the first photo too great to warrant analysis. [96][97][98] However, Rines countered that when rearranged, the letters could also spell "Yes, both pix are monsters – R."[96]. Loch Ness is famous for its monster, known as Nessie, which has supposedly been sighted since the 6th century. DNA research, Loads of Loch Ness monster information, fun and webcams, boatcam and livecam from lochness and lock ness. According to Sjögren, accounts of loch monsters have changed over time; originally describing horse-like creatures, they were intended to keep children away from the loch. It shows a head similar to the first photo, with a more turbulent wave pattern and possibly taken at a different time and location in the loch. According to that work, the monster bit a swimmer and was prepared to attack another man when Columba intervened, ordering the beast to “go back.” It obeyed, and over the centuries only occasional sightings were reported. Columba sent a follower, Luigne moccu Min, to swim across the river. "[73] Sceptics suggested that the wave may have been caused by a wind gust. [112] Sightings in 1856 of a "sea-serpent" (or kelpie) in a freshwater lake near Leurbost in the Outer Hebrides were explained as those of an oversized eel, also believed common in "Highland lakes". Back in September 2011, Marcus Atkinson recorded an unusual … The Loch Ness monster is a creature said to live in Loch Ness in the Highlands of Scotland. To get revenge on the Mail, Wetherell perpetrated his hoax with co-conspirators Spurling (sculpture specialist), Ian Wetherell (his son, who bought the material for the fake), and Maurice Chambers (an insurance agent). [81], After reading Rupert Gould's The Loch Ness Monster and Others,[27] Edward Mountain financed a search. It’s … The Loch Ness Monster story was big in the field of cryptozoology.. The LNIB had an annual subscription charge, which covered administration. A reviewer wrote that Binns had "evolved into the author of ... the definitive, skeptical book on the subject". Reports of a monster inhabiting Loch Ness date back to ancient times. [26] Chambers gave the photographic plates to Wilson, a friend of his who enjoyed "a good practical joke". [151], In 1968 F. W. (Ted) Holiday proposed that Nessie and other lake monsters, such as Morag, may be a large invertebrate such as a bristleworm; he cited the extinct Tullimonstrum as an example of the shape. Loch Ness Monster and Nessie's ultimate official and live top award winning camera site - Nessie on the Net. [26], In 1888, mason Alexander Macdonald of Abriachan[27] sighted "a large stubby-legged animal" surfacing from the loch and propelling itself within fifty yards of the shore where Macdonald stood. The photograph was not made public until it appeared in Constance Whyte's 1957 book on the subject. Truth revealed. Pictures. [99] Some interpreted the objects as two plesiosaur-like animals, suggesting several large animals living in Loch Ness. [85] The society's name was later shortened to the Loch Ness Investigation Bureau (LNIB), and it disbanded in 1972. [137] A study of pre-1933 Highland folklore references to kelpies, water horses and water bulls indicated that Ness was the loch most frequently cited.[138]. In 2018 researchers conducted a DNA survey of Loch Ness to determine what organisms live in the waters. Also a familiar form of the girl's name Agnes, relatively common in Scotland, e.g. Despite setbacks (including Lucy falling to the bottom of the loch), about 600 sightings were reported where she was placed. [74], On 19 April 2014, it was reported[75] that a satellite image on Apple Maps showed what appeared to be a large creature (thought by some to be the Loch Ness Monster) just below the surface of Loch Ness. [56][third-party source needed] Others were sceptical, saying that the "hump" cannot be ruled out as being a boat[57] and when the contrast is increased, a man in a boat can be seen. A single frame was published in his 1961 book, The Elusive Monster. Notably, local stone carvings by the Pict depict a mysterious beast with flippers. The first full scientific survey of Loch Ness was carried out in 1901. Only two exposures came out clearly; the first reportedly shows a small head and back, and the second shows a similar head in a diving position. Pictures of Nessie taken by Monster Hunters and Loch Ness Researchers", "Loch Ness Monster is real, says policeman", "Police chief William Fraser demanded protection for Loch Ness Monster", "Loch Ness movie film & Loch Ness video evidence", "Photos of the Loch Ness Monster, revisited", "Tourist Says He's Shot Video of Loch Ness Monster", "stv News North Tonight – Loch Ness Monster sighting report and interview with Gordon Holmes – tx 28 May 2007", "Scottish Sailor Claims To Have Best Picture Yet of Loch Ness Monster | ABC News Blogs – Yahoo! The loch is only about 10,000 years old, dating to the end of the last ice age. Who was Nessie - the Loch Ness Monster? In 1933, a man claimed the monster crossed the road in front of him – a sighting which led to increased interest. Animation by Slurpy Studios. Loch Ness Information Website. Despite the lack of conclusive evidence, the Loch Ness monster remained popular—and profitable. Sjögren wrote that the kelpie legends have developed into descriptions reflecting a modern awareness of plesiosaurs. The first photo became well known, and the second attracted little publicity because of its blurriness. A lot of eel DNA was found. Updates? [21], Believers in the monster point to this story, set in the River Ness rather than the loch itself, as evidence for the creature's existence as early as the sixth century. Wilson brought the plates to Ogston's, an Inverness chemist, and gave them to George Morrison for development. He later described it as an "elephant squid", claiming the long neck shown in the photograph is actually the squid's "trunk" and that a white spot at the base of the neck is its eye. [27], Modern interest in the monster was sparked by a sighting on 22 July 1933, when George Spicer and his wife saw "a most extraordinary form of animal" cross the road in front of their car. From 2018 to 2019, scientists from New Zealand undertook a massive project to document every organism in Loch Ness based on DNA samples. Loch Ness Facts. He also concludes that the story of Saint Columba may have been impacted by earlier Irish myths about the Caoránach and an Oilliphéist. The search had sufficient resolution to identify a small buoy. With documented evidence, film, first-hand accounts, stories, scientific studies and expeditions you will find that we are one of the most informative Loch Ness Monster sites on the WWW. Many speculated that the creature was a plesiosaur, a marine reptile that went extinct some 65.5 million years ago. The Loch Ness Monster story was big in the field of cryptozoology.. Facts about Loch Ness Monster 5: Nessie. A NEW Loch Ness Monster "sighting" has been snapped by a quick-thinking tourist after a recent surge in reports. [128][129][130], Loch Ness, because of its long, straight shape, is subject to unusual ripples affecting its surface. Binns wrote two sceptical books, the 1983 The Loch Ness Mystery Solved, and his 2017 The Loch Ness Mystery Reloaded. [30] However, Binns has described this as "the myth of the lonely loch", as it was far from isolated before then, due to the construction of the Caledonian Canal. The tooth was a publicity stunt to promote a horror novel by Steve Alten, The Loch.[141]. That's … It was detected for 800 m (2,600 ft) before contact was lost and regained. [3], The creature has been affectionately called Nessie[a] (Scottish Gaelic: Niseag)[4] since the 1940s. Photograph that allegedly showed the Loch Ness monster, 1934. Gray had taken his Labrador for a walk that day and it is suspected that the photograph depicts his dog fetching a stick from the loch. Pictures. Both depicted what appeared to be a rhomboid flipper, although sceptics have dismissed the images as depicting the bottom of the loch, air bubbles, a rock, or a fish fin. However, much of the alleged evidence supporting its existence has been discredited, and it is widely thought that the monster is a myth. The device was fixed underwater at Temple Pier in Urquhart Bay and directed at the opposite shore, drawing an acoustic "net" across the loch through which no moving object could pass undetected. He believed his power to protect the monster from the hunters was "very doubtful". In addition, numerous photographs allegedly showed the beast, but most were discredited as fakes or as depicting other animals or objects. Loch Ness expert Adrian Shine discusses his involvement with the Loch Ness Project and recaps his decades spent working to uncover the truth behind the Loch Ness monster. [39] According to Wilson, he was looking at the loch when he saw the monster, grabbed his camera and snapped four photos. The photo's scale was controversial; it is often shown cropped (making the creature seem large and the ripples like waves), while the uncropped shot shows the other end of the loch and the monster in the centre. When people see three humps, they're probably just seeing three separate monsters. The Loch Ness Monster story was big in the field of cryptozoology.. [94] Another photograph seemed to depict a horned "gargoyle head", consistent with that of some sightings of the monster;[99] however, sceptics point out that a tree stump was later filmed during Operation Deepscan in 1987, which bore a striking resemblance to the gargoyle head. If Rines detected anything on the sonar, he turned the light on and took pictures. ", "Loch Ness monster: The Ultimate Experiment", "Were Dinosaurs Endotherms or Ectotherms?

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